Amount of the substance left after one half life = A0 / 2 Amount of the substance left after two half lives = A0 / 22 Amount of the substance…
Experimental methods for determination of rate constant are discussed below: 1. Concentration change method: In this method the concentration of one of the reactants or products is measured at different…
1) For the first order reaction: k = (2.303 / t) log (a / a – x) When x = (40 / 100) a = 0.4 a t = 50…
Pseudo unimolecular reactions: Consider the following acid catalysed reactions: 1. Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate: CH3COOC2H5 + H2O + H+ ———–>CH3COOH + C2H5OH 2. Inversion of cane sugar: C12H22O11 + H2O…
Collision theory: According to collision theory, a reaction takes place because the molecules collide with each other. The number of collisions that take place per second per unit volume of…
Relationship between the rate of reaction and collision frequency: If Z is the collision frequency and f is the fraction of molecules whose collisions are effective, then evidently: Rate of…
Concept of activation energy: The minimum extra amount of energy absorbed by the reactant molecules so that their energy becomes equal to threshold value is called activation energy. In other…
Effect of temperature on reaction rate: Temperature has marked effect on the rate of reaction. For most of the reactions the rates of reaction becomes nearly double or even more…
The rate of reaction having collision frequency Z and fraction f of molecules will be: Rate of reaction = – dx / dt = Z x f The collision frequency…
The combustion of fuels like coal in the presence of air or oxygen is thermodynamically feasible (C + O2 ———–> CO2) because ∆G is negative, yet the fuels are quite…
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